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River landscape
Credit or caption

Misty Gowan River rapids in cool foggy dawn. Sun rising over mountains - tributary of the Buller. Rotoroa, Tasman Dist., NZ Photo by Rob Suisted, Nature's Pic Images, Wellington, NEW ZEALAND. Photo copyright to Rob Suisted - All rights reserved. www.naturespic.com.

Fresh water

We can't live without fresh water and neither can the plants, fish, insects, and other wildlife that rely on clean water to survive and thrive. But our rivers and lakes are in crisis.

Make a donation to help our fresh water

Donate to defend our fresh water

Fresh water

Water is one of the most important issues for New Zealanders and yet our waterways are in crisis.

The state of our fresh water

  • Most rivers and many lakes fail to meet water quality guidelines, with numerous swimming spots carrying a high risk of infection.
  • Dairy cattle numbers and associated urine and faecal matter have almost doubled since 1990.
  • Nitrogen fertiliser application has increased by 629% since 1990.
  • We have drained or destroyed almost all (90%) of our wetlands since human arrival.  
  • Most (76%) of our native fish (including whitebait) are threatened with or at-risk of extinction.
  • Levels of nitrate pollution in groundwater in many places – including drinking water sources – continue to increase.

Our rivers, lakes, and streams are being polluted and too much water is being taken from them. The major driver of our freshwater crisis is intensive agriculture.

The situation is being made worse by climate change and increasing droughts, which reduce river flows and mean pollution is more concentrated.

For local communities, this means our favourite swimming holes are increasingly unsafe due to high bacterial levels, or toxic algal blooms.

But for our freshwater fish, insects and plants, their very survival is under threat.

Nature needs liveable rivers

We can't live without fresh water and neither can the fish, birds, insects and plants that rely on clean water to survive and thrive.

Almost 33 percent of our freshwater plants, 76 percent of our freshwater fish, and more than 25 percent of our freshwater invertebrates are threatened with, or at risk of, extinction. Many of our native birds depend on freshwater environments and 66 percent of these were classified as threatened or at risk in 2016.

Giant kokopu - adult

Adult giant kōkopu, one of the six whitebait species. Credit - Rod Morris

As wetlands are drained and streams are dried up, the species that rely on freshwater have fewer places to live. Increased leaching and run-off from agriculture, which feeds algal blooms is making many of our rivers and lakes toxic and stripping the oxygen that our freshwater species need to survive.

Forest & Bird is defending freshwater

  • We advocate for strong rules to protect our fresh water.
  • We hold regional councils to account, and defend our rivers and lakes in the courts.
  • We promote alternatives to environmentally damaging irrigation schemes.
  • Our branches are involved in practical work to restore our waterways.

We need your help. Join our fight for fresh water.

What we are doing

Take action! Help defend our Fresh water.

Nature needs your support

Supporting Forest & Bird is one of the best things you can do for New Zealand's environment. We need people like you to support us, so that nature will always have a voice.

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Forest & Bird is defending nature across Aotearoa/New Zealand...